Probiotics

Tier-BPublic-ready7/1/2026

Glucose and metabolic health markers is closer to a research marker, so it should be read separately from a directly felt benefit.

The 56.0 score includes research signals from patient or disease contexts. General supplement evidence is not repeated enough, so the B tier remains conservative.

Representative tier calculated from paper evidence that passed the collection audit.

Papers analyzed

120

Caution signal

Low

Context-specific research signal

56.0

Glucose and metabolic health markersStress Response and Sleep ChangesCognition, memory, and focus

Main benefit evidence

The representative ingredient tier is calculated from these target-level evidence groups.

Glucose and metabolic health

7 studiesTier-B

Glucose and metabolic health markers

Fairly consistent positive signal in studiesResearch marker focusPatient-group study

This card is closer to a measured biomarker or lab outcome than a directly felt user benefit. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score

60.0

Study context

Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Stress and mood

5 studiesTier-B

Stress Response and Sleep Changes

Fairly consistent positive signal in studiesFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

These findings come from stress response, cortisol, anxiety, or sleep outcomes. They may mix felt benefits with physiological markers.

Evidence score

56.7

Study context

Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Cognition and focus

3 studiesTier-B

Cognition, memory, and focus

Fairly consistent positive signal in studiesFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

Potential benefit studied in Cognition and focus. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score

52.0

Study context

Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Exercise performance and recovery

1 studiesTier-C

Exercise performance and recovery

Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

Potential benefit studied in Exercise performance and recovery. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score

42.1

Study context

Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Blood lipids

2 studiesTier-C

Cholesterol and triglycerides

Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

Potential benefit studied in Blood lipids. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score

35.2

Study context

Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Digestion and gut health

1 studiesTier-C

Digestion and gut comfort

Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

Potential benefit studied in Digestion and gut health. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score

19.4

Study context

Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Recent research

Updated This Month10 new papers

Side effects and combination findings in studies

Findings from studies of this ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.

Caution index

1.2

Caution band: Low

Caution signals

Side effects + combos + curated rules

Key precautions

No curated contraindication rule is available yet, but literature caution signals are shown below.

These are signals reported in studies. They do not predict what will happen to an individual.

Findings to review with care

Side effects reported for the ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.

Side effects reported when this ingredient was used alone

Symptoms or adverse events reported in studies of this ingredient without another active ingredient.

Lactobacillus GG sepsis1 papers

Two cases of Lactobacillus GG sepsis were reported in compromised hosts during therapeutic use, indicating a severe adverse event rather than a therapeutic benefit.Human studies · Study type not identified

Adverse effect signal1 papers

The systematic review reported 49 case studies of invasive infections, including sepsis and fatalities, associated with probiotic use in children, particularly those with underlying conditions like prematurity or intravenous catheters.Human studies · Study type not identified

Adverse effect signal1 papers

A literature review reported that probiotics use was identified as one of the main underlying conditions associated with lactobacillary endocarditis cases.Human studies · Study type not identified

Bacteremia and D-lactic acidosis1 papers

Rare adverse events including bacteremia and D-lactic acidosis have been reported in immunocompromised or critically ill individuals.Human studies · Systematic review

Adverse effect signal1 papers

Case reports in children with SBS reported adverse effects including Lactobacillus sepsis (n=3) and D-lactic acidosis (n=2) associated with probiotic supplementation.Human studies · Study type not identified

Adverse effect signal1 papers

Rare adverse events including bacteremia, D-lactic acidosis, and horizontal gene transfer have been reported in immunocompromised or critically ill individuals.Human studies · Study type not identified

Adverse effect signal1 papers

Two cases of Lactobacillus GG sepsis were reported during therapeutic use in patients with short gut syndrome, indicating the organism can cause disease in compromised hosts.Human studies · Study type not identified

Adverse effect signal1 papers

The review discusses the potential role of probiotics in spreading antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer in the gastrointestinal tract, which could have severe clinical implications.Human studies · Study type not identified

Evidence summaries

Paper IDs and full lists are private. Only study types and summaries are shown.

Key Evidence #1

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 925

observational

The aim of the present work was to review the main mechanisms of action of probiotics, including colonization and normalization of perturbed intestinal microbial communities in children and adults; competitive exclusion of pathogens and bacteriocin production;

Key Evidence #2

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 812

observational

It is demonstrated that probiotic consumption for 12 weeks positively affects cognitive function and some metabolic statuses in the AD patients and no considerable effect on other biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, fasting plasma glucose, and oth

Key Evidence #3

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 737

observational

In conclusion, probiotic treatment PFW displayed a growth-promoting effect that was comparable to avilamycin treatment, and modulated the composition and, to an extent, the activities of the cecal microflora, resulting in a significant probiotic effect.

3 more summariesLimited representative sample by study type.

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 501

observational

Specific bile resistance mechanisms are reviewed and discussed, as well as the processes responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli to bile.

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 427

observational

Overall, 8 weeks of probiotic supplements to subjects with MDD resulted in an improvement in BDI score compared with placebo whereas no significant effect of prebiotic supplementation was seen.

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 356

observational

Two cases of Lactobacillus GG sepsis occurring during the therapeutic use of this organism are reported, and it is reported that this organism can cause disease in compromised hosts.

Probiotics

Evidence score: 56.0|Caution index: 1.2

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