Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and transporter dysregulation in the brain1 papers
The review concludes that overexposure to manganese via air pollution and inhalation in industrial settings causes neurotoxic effects including oxidative stress, inflammation, and transporter dysregulation.Human studies · Systematic reviewMitochondrial dysfunction1 papers
Studies identified molecular targets of manganese toxicity playing a role in mitochondrial dysfunction.Cell studies · Systematic reviewManganese-induced neurotoxicity1 papers
Systematic reviews found insufficient data to establish a dose-response relationship for manganese-induced neurotoxicity, but a safe level of intake of 8 mg/day for adults and 2-7 mg/day for other groups was derived from background dietary intakes.Human studies · Systematic reviewDevelopmental Neurotoxicity1 papers
Manganese is identified as an additional developmental neurotoxicant based on epidemiological studies documenting its role in injuring the developing brain.Human studies · Systematic review